Ali ibn Abi Talib, karrama Allahu wajhahu (May Allah honour his face), the fourth caliph according to the Sunnis and the first Imam according to the Shiis, was the closest person to the Prophet of Islam (pbuh). He is highly revered by the Sunnis. This paper, written in Urdu for the Ali Conference held by Anjuman Yadgar-e Anees at Delhi on 18 June, argues that if Ali ibn Abi Talib had been elected as the first caliph, the course and strength of Islam would have been much different and there would have been no problem of Shia-Sunni discord which has harmed the Muslim interests over the centuries.
حضرت علی بن ابی طالب کرّم اللہ وجہہ : ایک سنی نقطۂ نظر
hazrat ali bin abi talib karramullah wajhul shareef jameh kamalaat the. wo nowjawan wanawae mardon se sab se pehle eemaan laane waale the. hazrat anas bil malik ki riwayat hai ke mutalib huzoor paak (saw) ki basat peer ke roz hui aur hazrat Ali sirf ek din baad yani mangal ko eemaan laaye. is waqt Aap ki umr mushkil se aath ya das saal thi.
Hazrat Ali ko dunya mein fard wahid hone ka sharf hasil hai jin ki paidaish khaana-e-kaabah ke andar hui. is hi wajah se un ko maulood kaabah bhi kaha jata hai. isi tarah hazrat Ali huzoor paak aur sayyida khadeejah ke saath namaaz padhne wale awwal shakhs the.
Chunke huzoor paak ke chacha hazrat abu talib kaseer al ayaal the, is liye huzoor paak ne hazrat ali ko goud le liya tha aur aap (saw) hee ke saaye aatifat mein hazrat ali ki parwarish hui. jab huzoor paak saw madeena jaane par majboor hue to un ki chaarpaayi par hazrat ali hi soye. riwayat mein aata hai ke huzoor paak ne hijrat ke qabl az waqt makka mein maujood sahaba karaam se poocha ke mere bistar par kon soyega to kisi ne jawab nahin diya ma siwa hazrat Ali ke, jinhone teen baar kaha ke main sounga.
Quraysh huzoor paak ko qatl karne ka qatai mansooba bana chuke the. aise halaat mein hazrat Ali ka yeh faisla unki huzoor paak saw se intihaai muhabbat aur un ke liye jaan dene ke liye tayyar rehne ki daleel tha.
hazrat Ali ne huzoor pak ki hijrat ke sirf teen din baad madeenah hijrat ki. Aap ke saath hijrat mein khandan quraish ke teen "Fatmaien"bhi shareek the: Fatma bint Asad, Fatma bint Muhammad saw, aur Fatma bint Zubair. Isi liye ise Fatmaoon ka qaafilah , rakab al fawatam kaha jata hai. yeh log raat ko chalte aur din mein kaheen chhup jaate. yun hazrat Ali madeena ke paas ki basti Quba' pohonche, jahan huzoor pak saw unka intezar karrahe the. is safar mein hazrat Ali, jin ki umar us waqt 22 saal thi, ke paer soojh gaye the aur un se khoon beh raha tha. Huzur pak saw unko apne ghar le gaye. Ansar wa muhajireen ki muwakhaat ke bar aks, huzoor pak ne hazrat Ali ko apna bhai banaya, yani dono bhai muhajir the.
Huzoor pak ne is mauqe par hazrat Ali se kaha: "Ant Akhi fee adduna wal akhirah" tum dunya aur aakhirat dono mein mere bhai ho.
Agle saal huzoor pak saw ne hazrat ali ko apna damaad bhi bana liya. yun wo sayyida nisaal al jannah, jannat ki khawateen ki sardaar ke shauhar bhi hue. Khyber jab fatah nahin ho paraha tha toh hazrat Ali ne hi use fatah kiya aur AsadAllah (sher e khuda) ke laqab se mausoom hue. Wo tamaan ghazwaat mein shareek rahe ma siwa ghazwah tabuk ke jis ke dauraan aap ko madeena mein huzoor pak saw ne naib ke haisiyat se mateen kiya.
Ghazwa badar mein pahle nikalne wale teen kafir soormaun mein se ek ko aap ne wasal jahannum kiya. ghazwa khandaq arab ke mashhoor pehlwaan umar bin abu daud ne jab khandaq paar karke musalman ko lalkaara: "Hal min mubaraz?" Hai koi samajh se ladne wala?
To hazrat Ali ne hi us ka challenge qubool kiya aur us ki gardan udaai. Ghazwa Khyber mein yahoodi pehelwaan marhab ka sar bhi aap ne hi qalam kiya. fatha makka ke baa huzoor paak ne khana kabah ke andar aur bahar buton ke bade bade addon ko todne ka kaam bhi Hazrat Ali ko diya. Hadith mabahla aur hadith kasa mein aya hai ke huzoor paak ne farmaya ke Ali, Fatma, Hasan aur Hussain unke Ahl-Bayt yahi khandaan wale hain. 18 dhilhijjah san 10 hijri ko Hajjatul Wida ke baad madeena wapasaate hue huzoor pak saw ghadeer kham (kham ka kuan) ke paas ruke aur wahan farmaya: "Man kuntu maula, fa Ali maula" Main jiska dost, Ali bhi uske dost hain. Is hadith paak se kisi ko inkaar nahin hai. Humare Shia bhai is hadith ko Hazrat Ali ke Iman wa khalifa hone ka ailaan samajhte hain jabke ahl sunnat is ko hazrat Ali ki azmat aur huzoor pak saw se intehai qurbat ka eilan samajhte hain.
Huzoor pak ne farmaya: "Ana Madeenatal hikmah wa Ali baab-uha" Main hikmat ka ghar hoon aur Ali uske darwaze hain" Hazrat
Ali karramullah wa jah ko huzoor pak saw ne "afqaha an naas" aur "aqzi an naas" kaha tha, yani deen ko sab se zyada samajhne wala aur sab se zyada adl o insaaf karne wala. Huzoor paak ne yeh bhi farmaya ke Ali se koi munafiq muhabbat nahin far sakta aur un se koi mo'min baghz nahin kar sakta . Hazrat Saeed ul khidri ka kahna hai ke "hum ansar log munafiqeen ko Hazrat Ali se unki nafrat ki wajah se pehchaan liya karte the"
Aap karramallah wajah ke baare mein huzoor pak saw ne farmaya: "Ae Ali!, Teri wajah se do giron jahannam mein jayenge. Ek tere saath muhabbat mein ghulu karne wala aur doosra tere saath dushmani mein ghulu karne wala."
Jab kharijiyon ne aap ka naam bigaadna chaha to Musalamano ne Hazrat Ali ko "Karramallahwajeh" Allah aapke chehre ko baazat karen ka laqab pukarna shuru kar diya jo ke sahaba karaam mein se sirf hazrat Ali ke liye makhsoos hai. "KarramAllah wajheh" ke laqab ki ek tawjeeh yeh bhi bayan ki gayi hai ke hazrat Ali ne kabhi kisi but ki puja nahin ki. Unhein khaarjiyon mein se ek shakhs Abdurrahmaan bin muljim ne hazrat Ali ko 17 ramzan al mubarak san 20 hijri mein zehereli talwaar se hamla karke shaheed kardiya. Aap is zakhm se janbar na ho sake aur chouthe roz 21 ramzan almubarak ko wafaat payi.
Aap karramallahwajheh sahaba faraam mein sab se bade aalim, sab se bade fiqya aur sabse faseeh shakhs the. is baat ki gawahi nahj ul balagh ka ek ek jumla deta hai. siwae silsila naqshbandiya ke, baaqi tamaam sufi mazhab hazrat Ali par jaake khatam hote hain. dusre lafzon mein taqreeban tamam sufi tareeqe aap se hi shuru hote hain.
Hazrat Ali ne saari zindagi aysh o ishrat par faqr-o-faaqa ko tarjeeh di, halanke islam mein dakhil hone walon mein saabiqeen wa awwaleen ki haisiyat rakhne ki wajah se aap ko bait al maal se huzoor pak se chacha hazrat abbas ke baad sab se zada wazeefe ki raqm milti thi, riwayaat mein aata hai ke baaz saalon mein aap ne sirf zakaat mein 20 hazaar deenaar kharch kiye aur Allah paak ke hukm ke "Qul al afoo" yani jo tumhari zarurat se bach jaye use kharch karo, ki tameel mein aap jild az jild apne daulat khaeraat wa sadqaat mein kharch kar dete.
Huzoor pak ke inteqal ke baad khilafat ke liye sab se munasib aur sab se zyada haqdaar hazrat Ali hi the.
Agar wo is waqt khalifa ban gaye hote toh ummat ko huzoor pak ke baad 30 saal mutawatir ek behtareen hakim naseeb hua hota jis ki wajah se wo bohot sa khalfshaar paida na hota jis ki ibtida hazrat usman ke zamane se shuru hui aur jiske asraat aaj tak baaqi hain.
Main samajhta hoon ke gar hazrat Ali khaleefa awaal ho gaye hote to shia sunni masla bhi paida nahin hota jis ki wajah se alam e islam mein sadiyon khalfshaar raha hai aur aaj bhi hai.
beher haal tareekh ke waqiyaat bohot se awamil ki wajha se waqiyapazeed hote hain jin ke baare mein aaj hum tabsira hi kar sakte hain, badal nahin sakte hain. yeh sahih hai ke hadrat Ali ke haq khilafat ko nazar andaaz kiya gaya lekin is ke bawajood unhone apne se pehle teeno khulfa ke saath umda sulook rawa rakkha aur sab ke maeen wa musheer rahe.
Hazrat abu bakr ke zamane mein aap amwaal khams ki taqseen ke mutawalli the aur murtadeen kaiser kubi ke liye bheji jaane wali fauq ke qaid bhi. isi tarha hazrat ali ne hazrat Umar al farooq ke ahad khilafat mein hukumat waqt ke saath poora tawoon kiya balke qazi madeena ke ohda bhi sambhala aur jo aaj chief justice ke barabar hai. hazrat usman zil nurain ke zamanae mein bhi aap ka tawoon barqaraar raha yahan tak ke san 35 hijri mein aap chauthe khaleefa bane aur agle paanch saal teen maah tak khaleefa rahe.
khilafat qubool karne ke teesre hi roz hazrat Ali ne sabaai saazshi tole ko madeena se nikalne ka hukm diya, jis ki wajah se wo hazrat Ali ki jaan ke dushman ho gaye. yeh yeh wahi log hain jin ke khilaaf hazrat ali ko ladaiyan ladni padin halaan ke agar unhein aman o sukoon mayassar hua hota toh alam islam ka raqba pehle se kahin zyada wasee' ho jata. yahi sabaai tola baad mein nawasab ya khawarij ke naam se maroof hua aur aaj ke al qaeda aur al daula al islamia (daesh) ke dahshat gard unhein ki najayaz aulad hain jinhone islman, musalmano aur alam islam ko badnaam aur tabah karne mein koi kasar nahin chhodi hai.
hazoor pak ke inteqaal ke baad pehle saad bin abadah ansari ne khaleefa hone ka dawa kiya lekin phir hazrat abu bakr par aksar sahaba ka ittefaaq e rai hua. hazrat Ali aur un ke kuch moeed sahaba ka khayal tha ke hazrat Ali khilafat ke liye mozoon tareen shakhs hain lekin afsos hai ke aisa nahin ho saka. agar aisa hogaya hota to islam ki tareekh bohot mukhtalif hoti kyunke hazrat Ali ko musalsal tees saal hukumat karne ka mauqa milta aur shia sunni ka masla bhi nahin paida hota. halaanke shia aur sunni dono hazrat ali ko mannte hain aur un ki azmat w auliyat aur usbaqiyat ko tasleem karte hain.
beher haal ehle sunnat ki riwayaton mein aata hai ke hazrat Ali ne is surat e haal ko qubool kiya. mumtaaz shia aalim muhammad hussain kadhif al ghata ne apni kitab "Asl al shia't wal usooluha" mein likkha hai ke hazrat ali ne apne se pehle teeno khulfa se bayt ki, un ke saath haath bataya aur un ke mushir ke taur se kaam karte rahe. ibn ul katheer ki kitab al kaamil fi attareekh mein zikr hai ke hazrat Abu bakr ke zamane mein hazrat Ali madeena munawara ke qadi yani aaj ke lihaz se chief justice the. yeh silsila hazrat umar ki khilafat ke dauran bhi jari raha. hazrat Ali ne hazrat abu bakr ke inteqal ke bad un ki bewa hazrat asma bint umais se shadi ki aur hazrat abu bakr ke bete muhammad bin abi bakr ki kafalat bhi ki jo hazrat Ali ke bohot bade moeed o madadgaar bane aur hazrat Ali ne bhi un ko masr ka governor banaya.
Jab hazrat Umar bayt al maqdis ko fatah karne ke liye gaye to hazrat ali ko madeena ka governor bana kar gaye. hazrat umar ra umoor saltanat ke mamlaat mein hazrat ali se mashware karte the. isi silsile mein hazrat umar ka ek qaul marwi hai, "ula Ali lahlak umar" (agar Ali na hote to umar halaak hogaya hota"
Hazrat umar se yeh bhi riwayat hai ke unhone hazrat Ali se kaha "aozubillah in aish fee qaum lesat fehim ya abul hasan" Ae hasan ke walid! main allah se panah mangta hoon ke main aise logon mein zindagi guzaroon jin mein aap na hon)
Ibn kathir ki tareekh al kaamil aur unheen ki dusri maroof kitaab usudul gaabah mein aya hai ke hazrat umar ne hazrat Ali ki beti umm kulthum se shaadi ki. hazrat umar ne fadak aur khyber ke baghaat bhi hazrat ali, hazrat abbas aur bani hashim ko wapas kar diye. apne inteqal ke waqt hazrat umar ne apne baad jin che logon ka naam liya kihan mein se ek jo agla khaleefa banaya jaye, un mein hazrat ali ka naam shamil tha. lekin hazrat ali ne hukm (saalis) abdar rahmaan bin auf ki yeh shart maanne se inkaar kar diya ke woh yeh ahad karen ke "ALlah, is ke rasool aur abu bakr o umar ki itteeba karenge"
jab ke hazrat usman ne ye baat maan li aur un ko khaleefa bana diya gaya.
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