Course Title Modern History of West Asia
Course No. MP 1.7
Course Teacher Rafiullah Azmi
Semester Ist
Course Duration One Semester
Instruction Method Lectures & Tutorials
Course Description & Objective: The West Asia had always been and continues to be an area of vital importance from geo-strategic, political, religious, and cultural perspectives. The discovery of the oil in the Ist decade of the 20th century further enhanced its significance. West Asia, which is also known as the cradle of many civilizations in the past, is being dominantly imagined through many negative features. This course treats the emergence of the modern West Asia roughly from the late 18th century to the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran. It deals with the encounter of the West Asia with the growing and expansionist Europe, its consequences upon the region and attempts to cope with that challenges culminating in the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979. The approach of the course is not chronological or political history, rather it would be thematic. Thus the course aims to familiarise the students with major ideologies and forces which had played important role in the evolution and shaping of history of the West Asia. In this respect, role of the faiths, encounter with the West, emergence of the nationalism, Zionism, creation of Israel and petroleum factors are the most notable.
Evaluation Method and Grading: Total 100 Marks: Term Paper 10 marks, Term
Paper Presentation 5 marks, Book Review 5 marks & Class Participation 5 marks
Unit I: Terms, Concepts & Approaches to History
Terms: Middle East, Near East, West Asia
Concepts: Orientalism & Construction of Identity
Approaches to History
Unit II: Encounter with Europe
Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Napoleon Invasion of Egypt (1798) and Its Impact
Emergence of Mohd. Ali Pahsa & his reforms
Rivalry Among European Powers for Spheres of Influence
Growing Presence of the British on the Gulf’s coast
British Involvement in Hejaz
Emergence of the British as the Dominant Power
Unit III: West Asia and the World War I
Ottoman-German Alliance Alliance (1914)
Revolt by Sharief Husain of Mecca against the Ottomans
Balfour Declaration & Sykes-Picot Agreement
Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
Post World War I Settlements: Treaties
British & French Mandates
Creation of New Nation-States
Independent Struggles
Unit IV: Emergence of Ideologies
Nationalism: Arab, Iranian and Turkish
Pan-Islamism: Afghani to Khomeini
Evolution of Zionism
Bathism/Socialism
Wahabism/ Salafism
Unit V: Disputes, Conflicts and Wars
Territorial Disputes
Arab-Israel Disputes & Wars
Iran-Iraq War
Ethnic Conflict
Sectarian Conflict
Essential Readings:
(A) Encyclopedias
Middle East & North Africa, Europa Publication (CWAS)
Philip, Mattar, Encyclopedia of the Modern M.E. & N. Africa, 4 volume, Second edition, USA: Thomson, 2004(CWAS)
(B) Books
o Fromkin, David, A Peace to End all Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, Owl Books, Paperback 2001( New York: Avon Books, 1989)
o Mamdani, Mahmood, Good Muslim, Bad Muslim- An African Perspective, Columbia University,
o Lockman, Zachary, Contending Visions of the Middle East: the History and Politics of Orientalism
o
o Kirk, George E, A Short History of the Middle East: From the Rise of Islam to Modern Times, New York: Methuen, 1955.
o Lapidus, Ira M., A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, Second Print 1999, (for a general survey of the M.E./Islamic World)
o Catherwood, Christopher, A Brief History of the Middle East, Robinson, London, 2006
o Pappe, Ilan, The Modern Middle East, Abingdon, Routledge, 20005, (CWAS)
o Milton-Edwards, Beverley, Contemporary Politics in the Middle East, 2006, Polity Press, USA (CWAS)
o Milton-Edwards, Beverley, & Hinchcliffe, Peter, Conflicts in the Middle East Since 1945, Routledge, 2008, 3rd edn.
o Hourani, A.H, The Emergence of the Modern Middle East, London, Macmillan, 1981.
o ----------A History of the Arab Peoples. London, Faber and Faber, 1991.
o Hourani, Albert, Khoury, Philip and Wilson, Mary C. (Eds.), The Modern Middle East. London, I.B. Tauris, 2004. (CWAS)
o Lewis, Bernard, Shaping of the Modern Middle East, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994
o --------------------, Islam In History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East, New Edition, Revised and Expanded, Open Court, Chicago, 2001, (CWAS)
o ------------------, the Middle East: 2000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1996
o Mansfield, Peter, A History of the Middle East, Penguin, 2004, (edited and updated by Nicholas Pelham)
o ---------------------, History of the Arabs
o Yapp, M. E. The Near East since the First World War, London, Longman 1991.
o Al-Qasimi, Sultan Muhammad, The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf. London,Routledge, 1986
o Azmi, Rafiullah,Conflict in the Gulf: British Quest for Domination and Ottoman Response, Delhi, Academic Excellence, 2004.(CWAS)
o Carr, E. H., What is History? JMI Lib
o Said, Edward, The Orientalism
o ---------------, Covering Islam, Vintage Books, New York, 1997
Suggested Readings:
o Choueiri, Youssef M, Companion to the History of the Middle East, Blackwell Publishing, 2005 (CWAS)
o ----------------------------, Modern Arab Historiography: Historical Discourse and the Nation-State, London, Routledge Curzon, 2002
o Gallagher, Nancy Elizabeth (Ed.), Approaches to the History of the Middle East, Interviews with Leading Middle East Historians. Reading, Garnet, 1995
o Cannadine, D. What is History Now? JMI Lib.
o John, Tosh, Why History Matters?
o Said, Edward, the Politics of Dispossession, the Struggle for Palestinian Self-Determination
o ----------------, Culture and Imperialism
o Said, Edward & Hitchens, Christopher (ed), Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question, Verso, London, 1988 (IDSA)
o Roy, Olivier, The Politics of the Chaos in the Middle East, Hurst & Company, London, 2007
o Macfie,A. L., Orientalism, Longman, London, 20002, (CWAS)
o Ibn Warraq, Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said’s Orientalism, Prometheus Books, 2007
o Quataert, Donald, The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, Cambridge University Press, New Approaches to European History, Second Edition 2005, (CWAS)
o Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650, the Structure of Power, New York: Palgrave, 2002 , Read Full Book, (CWAS)
o Akmese, Handan Nezir, The Birth of the Modern Turkey: The Ottoman Military and the March to World War I, I.B. Tauris, London, ( full Book for The O.E.) (CWAS)
o Kedouri, E . England and the Middle East: the Destruction of the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1921. London, The Harvester Press, 1996 , see Chapter I : the Bases of English policy in the Middle East, 1830-1914
o Yurdusev, A. Nuri, Ottoman Diplomacy: Conventional or Unconventional, Palgrave, New York, 2004, (CWAS)
o Palmer, Alan, The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, London, John Murray, 1992.
o Zurcher, Erik J., Turkey: A Modern History, I.B. Tauris, London, 2005, Read Introduction & Part I-II for the O.E (CWAS)
Mikhin, V., Western Expansion in the Persian Gulf, NewDelhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 1988
o al-Naqeeb, Khaldoun Hasan, Society and State in the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula: A Different Perspective, London: Routledge, 1990
o Fitzsimons, M.A. Empire by Treaty: Britain in the Middle East in the 20th Century, University of North Dane Press, Indiana, 1964
o Levey, Zach, and Podeh, Elie, (ed.) Britain and the Middle East: from Imperial Power to Junior Partner, Sussex Academic Press, 2008, (CWAS)
o Antonius, George, The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement, London:Hamish Hamilton,1955
o Dawisha, Adeed, Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: from Triumph to Despair, Princeton& Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003( CWAS)
o Zeine, Z.N, The Struggle for Arab Independence, Beirut, 1960.
o ----------. Arab –Turkish Relations and the Emergence of Arab Nationalism, Beirut.1958
o Hamas, Gregory, with Todd M. Ferry, The Palestine-Israel Coflict: A Basic Introduction (CWAS)
o Milton-Edwards, Beverley, The Israel-Palestinian Conflict: A People’s War, Routledge, 2009 (CWAS)
o Sachar, Howard M., A History of Israel: From The Rise of Zionism to our Time, second edtion, Alfred A. Knopf, USA, 1996 (CWAS)
o Gilmour, David. The Dispossessed: The Ordeals of the Palestinians 1917-80, London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1980.
o Hirst, David, the Gun and the Olive Branch: The Roots of Violence in the Middle East, London: Faber and Faber, 1984 (See for Theodore Herzl’s policy of uprooting Palestinians)
o Wm. Roger, Louis, End of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization, (Collected Essays), London: I.B. Tauris, 2006
o Yergin, Daniel, The Prize: the Epic Quest For Oil, Money and Power, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1990.
o Paul, Roberts, the End of Oil: Decline of the Petroleum Economy & the Rise of a New Energy Order, ( CWAS)
o Cattan, J., Evolution of Oil Concessions in the Middle East and North Africa, New York, Oceana, Dobbs Ferry, 1967.
o Clawson, Patrick L. (ed), Energy and the National Security in the 21st Century,
o Kent, Marian, Oil and Empire: British Policy and Mesopotamian Oil, 1900-1920. London, Macmillan, 1976
o Hiro, Dilip, Blood of Earth-the Battle for the World Vanishing Oil Resources, Penguin, New Delhi,
o Abir, Mordechai, Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict in the Arabia, The Red Sea and the Gulf, London, Frank Cass, 1974.
o Rutledge, Ian, Addicted to Oil: America’s Relentless Drive For Energy Security, IB Tauris 2006
o Venn, Fiona, the Oil Crisis, New Deal and Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century,
o ---------------, the Anglo-American Oil War: International Politics and the Struggle for Foreign Petroleum, 1912-1945, IB Tauris, March 2008,
o Pappe, Ilan, --------------, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, Oxford: One World Publications,
o ---------- , A History of Modern Palestine: One Land , Two Peoples, Cambridge University Press, Distributed by Foundation Books,
o -----------(ed), the Israel/Palestine Question: A Reader, Routledge 2008, 2nd edn.,
o Ilan, Pappe, & Moshe, Maoz: A History from Within
o Hitti, P.K., History of the Arabs, Palgrave/Macmillan, 10th edition 2002
Course No. MP 1.7
Course Teacher Rafiullah Azmi
Semester Ist
Course Duration One Semester
Instruction Method Lectures & Tutorials
Course Description & Objective: The West Asia had always been and continues to be an area of vital importance from geo-strategic, political, religious, and cultural perspectives. The discovery of the oil in the Ist decade of the 20th century further enhanced its significance. West Asia, which is also known as the cradle of many civilizations in the past, is being dominantly imagined through many negative features. This course treats the emergence of the modern West Asia roughly from the late 18th century to the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran. It deals with the encounter of the West Asia with the growing and expansionist Europe, its consequences upon the region and attempts to cope with that challenges culminating in the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979. The approach of the course is not chronological or political history, rather it would be thematic. Thus the course aims to familiarise the students with major ideologies and forces which had played important role in the evolution and shaping of history of the West Asia. In this respect, role of the faiths, encounter with the West, emergence of the nationalism, Zionism, creation of Israel and petroleum factors are the most notable.
Evaluation Method and Grading: Total 100 Marks: Term Paper 10 marks, Term
Paper Presentation 5 marks, Book Review 5 marks & Class Participation 5 marks
Unit I: Terms, Concepts & Approaches to History
Terms: Middle East, Near East, West Asia
Concepts: Orientalism & Construction of Identity
Approaches to History
Unit II: Encounter with Europe
Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Napoleon Invasion of Egypt (1798) and Its Impact
Emergence of Mohd. Ali Pahsa & his reforms
Rivalry Among European Powers for Spheres of Influence
Growing Presence of the British on the Gulf’s coast
British Involvement in Hejaz
Emergence of the British as the Dominant Power
Unit III: West Asia and the World War I
Ottoman-German Alliance Alliance (1914)
Revolt by Sharief Husain of Mecca against the Ottomans
Balfour Declaration & Sykes-Picot Agreement
Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
Post World War I Settlements: Treaties
British & French Mandates
Creation of New Nation-States
Independent Struggles
Unit IV: Emergence of Ideologies
Nationalism: Arab, Iranian and Turkish
Pan-Islamism: Afghani to Khomeini
Evolution of Zionism
Bathism/Socialism
Wahabism/ Salafism
Unit V: Disputes, Conflicts and Wars
Territorial Disputes
Arab-Israel Disputes & Wars
Iran-Iraq War
Ethnic Conflict
Sectarian Conflict
Essential Readings:
(A) Encyclopedias
Middle East & North Africa, Europa Publication (CWAS)
Philip, Mattar, Encyclopedia of the Modern M.E. & N. Africa, 4 volume, Second edition, USA: Thomson, 2004(CWAS)
(B) Books
o Fromkin, David, A Peace to End all Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, Owl Books, Paperback 2001( New York: Avon Books, 1989)
o Mamdani, Mahmood, Good Muslim, Bad Muslim- An African Perspective, Columbia University,
o Lockman, Zachary, Contending Visions of the Middle East: the History and Politics of Orientalism
o
o Kirk, George E, A Short History of the Middle East: From the Rise of Islam to Modern Times, New York: Methuen, 1955.
o Lapidus, Ira M., A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, Second Print 1999, (for a general survey of the M.E./Islamic World)
o Catherwood, Christopher, A Brief History of the Middle East, Robinson, London, 2006
o Pappe, Ilan, The Modern Middle East, Abingdon, Routledge, 20005, (CWAS)
o Milton-Edwards, Beverley, Contemporary Politics in the Middle East, 2006, Polity Press, USA (CWAS)
o Milton-Edwards, Beverley, & Hinchcliffe, Peter, Conflicts in the Middle East Since 1945, Routledge, 2008, 3rd edn.
o Hourani, A.H, The Emergence of the Modern Middle East, London, Macmillan, 1981.
o ----------A History of the Arab Peoples. London, Faber and Faber, 1991.
o Hourani, Albert, Khoury, Philip and Wilson, Mary C. (Eds.), The Modern Middle East. London, I.B. Tauris, 2004. (CWAS)
o Lewis, Bernard, Shaping of the Modern Middle East, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994
o --------------------, Islam In History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East, New Edition, Revised and Expanded, Open Court, Chicago, 2001, (CWAS)
o ------------------, the Middle East: 2000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1996
o Mansfield, Peter, A History of the Middle East, Penguin, 2004, (edited and updated by Nicholas Pelham)
o ---------------------, History of the Arabs
o Yapp, M. E. The Near East since the First World War, London, Longman 1991.
o Al-Qasimi, Sultan Muhammad, The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf. London,Routledge, 1986
o Azmi, Rafiullah,Conflict in the Gulf: British Quest for Domination and Ottoman Response, Delhi, Academic Excellence, 2004.(CWAS)
o Carr, E. H., What is History? JMI Lib
o Said, Edward, The Orientalism
o ---------------, Covering Islam, Vintage Books, New York, 1997
Suggested Readings:
o Choueiri, Youssef M, Companion to the History of the Middle East, Blackwell Publishing, 2005 (CWAS)
o ----------------------------, Modern Arab Historiography: Historical Discourse and the Nation-State, London, Routledge Curzon, 2002
o Gallagher, Nancy Elizabeth (Ed.), Approaches to the History of the Middle East, Interviews with Leading Middle East Historians. Reading, Garnet, 1995
o Cannadine, D. What is History Now? JMI Lib.
o John, Tosh, Why History Matters?
o Said, Edward, the Politics of Dispossession, the Struggle for Palestinian Self-Determination
o ----------------, Culture and Imperialism
o Said, Edward & Hitchens, Christopher (ed), Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question, Verso, London, 1988 (IDSA)
o Roy, Olivier, The Politics of the Chaos in the Middle East, Hurst & Company, London, 2007
o Macfie,A. L., Orientalism, Longman, London, 20002, (CWAS)
o Ibn Warraq, Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said’s Orientalism, Prometheus Books, 2007
o Quataert, Donald, The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, Cambridge University Press, New Approaches to European History, Second Edition 2005, (CWAS)
o Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650, the Structure of Power, New York: Palgrave, 2002 , Read Full Book, (CWAS)
o Akmese, Handan Nezir, The Birth of the Modern Turkey: The Ottoman Military and the March to World War I, I.B. Tauris, London, ( full Book for The O.E.) (CWAS)
o Kedouri, E . England and the Middle East: the Destruction of the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1921. London, The Harvester Press, 1996 , see Chapter I : the Bases of English policy in the Middle East, 1830-1914
o Yurdusev, A. Nuri, Ottoman Diplomacy: Conventional or Unconventional, Palgrave, New York, 2004, (CWAS)
o Palmer, Alan, The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, London, John Murray, 1992.
o Zurcher, Erik J., Turkey: A Modern History, I.B. Tauris, London, 2005, Read Introduction & Part I-II for the O.E (CWAS)
Mikhin, V., Western Expansion in the Persian Gulf, NewDelhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 1988
o al-Naqeeb, Khaldoun Hasan, Society and State in the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula: A Different Perspective, London: Routledge, 1990
o Fitzsimons, M.A. Empire by Treaty: Britain in the Middle East in the 20th Century, University of North Dane Press, Indiana, 1964
o Levey, Zach, and Podeh, Elie, (ed.) Britain and the Middle East: from Imperial Power to Junior Partner, Sussex Academic Press, 2008, (CWAS)
o Antonius, George, The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement, London:Hamish Hamilton,1955
o Dawisha, Adeed, Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: from Triumph to Despair, Princeton& Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003( CWAS)
o Zeine, Z.N, The Struggle for Arab Independence, Beirut, 1960.
o ----------. Arab –Turkish Relations and the Emergence of Arab Nationalism, Beirut.1958
o Hamas, Gregory, with Todd M. Ferry, The Palestine-Israel Coflict: A Basic Introduction (CWAS)
o Milton-Edwards, Beverley, The Israel-Palestinian Conflict: A People’s War, Routledge, 2009 (CWAS)
o Sachar, Howard M., A History of Israel: From The Rise of Zionism to our Time, second edtion, Alfred A. Knopf, USA, 1996 (CWAS)
o Gilmour, David. The Dispossessed: The Ordeals of the Palestinians 1917-80, London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1980.
o Hirst, David, the Gun and the Olive Branch: The Roots of Violence in the Middle East, London: Faber and Faber, 1984 (See for Theodore Herzl’s policy of uprooting Palestinians)
o Wm. Roger, Louis, End of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization, (Collected Essays), London: I.B. Tauris, 2006
o Yergin, Daniel, The Prize: the Epic Quest For Oil, Money and Power, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1990.
o Paul, Roberts, the End of Oil: Decline of the Petroleum Economy & the Rise of a New Energy Order, ( CWAS)
o Cattan, J., Evolution of Oil Concessions in the Middle East and North Africa, New York, Oceana, Dobbs Ferry, 1967.
o Clawson, Patrick L. (ed), Energy and the National Security in the 21st Century,
o Kent, Marian, Oil and Empire: British Policy and Mesopotamian Oil, 1900-1920. London, Macmillan, 1976
o Hiro, Dilip, Blood of Earth-the Battle for the World Vanishing Oil Resources, Penguin, New Delhi,
o Abir, Mordechai, Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict in the Arabia, The Red Sea and the Gulf, London, Frank Cass, 1974.
o Rutledge, Ian, Addicted to Oil: America’s Relentless Drive For Energy Security, IB Tauris 2006
o Venn, Fiona, the Oil Crisis, New Deal and Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century,
o ---------------, the Anglo-American Oil War: International Politics and the Struggle for Foreign Petroleum, 1912-1945, IB Tauris, March 2008,
o Pappe, Ilan, --------------, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, Oxford: One World Publications,
o ---------- , A History of Modern Palestine: One Land , Two Peoples, Cambridge University Press, Distributed by Foundation Books,
o -----------(ed), the Israel/Palestine Question: A Reader, Routledge 2008, 2nd edn.,
o Ilan, Pappe, & Moshe, Maoz: A History from Within
o Hitti, P.K., History of the Arabs, Palgrave/Macmillan, 10th edition 2002
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